Thursday, May 28, 2009

After Ceyx’s death in Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Alcyone and her deceased husband transform into birds: “And at last, through the pity of the gods, both changed to birds. Though thus they suffered the same fate, still even thus their love remained, nor were their conjugal bonds loosened because of their feathered shape. Still do they mate and rear their young; and for seven peaceful days in the winter season Alcyone broods upon her nest floating upon the surface of the waters” (173). The transformation reunites the married couple and provides them with a life after death. It thus turns a story about unbearable loss into a consoling tale. In The Book of the Duchess, Chaucer does not include the consoling transformation of Ceyx and Alcyone. Following the husband’s death, Alcyone simply dies of grief: “‘Alas!’ she said for sorrow, and died within the third morning” (2).  There is no suggestion of an afterlife, of a realm in which her sorrow will be appeased. And yet the birds, so notably absent from Chaucer’s story, appear in a new context, as the narrator dreams of being awakened by song: “I was waked by a great heap of small birds that had startled me out of my sleep through the sound and sweetness of their song” (3). Perhaps the transformative power of the birds is here transposed onto the Dreamer, a melancholy character in need of a cure. 

 

1 comment:

  1. I also found this change interesting, but extremely problematic. In light of the fact that the Book of the Duchess was written as consolation to a widower, it seems strange that Chaucer would choose to have Alcyone die of grief after three days rather than be immortalized with her lover as a bird. I think it would have been much more consoling had Chaucer left the original ending, implying that perhaps the black knight may be reunited with his white queen in death (or in another life). However, I do very much like the connection you made between the lack of birds at the ending of the Ceyx/Alcyone tale and the addition of birds at the beginning of the narrator's dream. I think that perhaps this idea-- that the birds have been removed from the Ceyx/Alcyone tale and "transposed onto the Dreamer"-- is a perfect reconciliation of this otherwise problematic change.

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